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According to PP number 73 of 2013, swamps are defined as water containers containing water and water power. Those are inundated continuously or seasonally, formed naturally on relatively flat or concave land with mineral or peat deposits, and overgrown with vegetation, an ecosystem. Swamps are divided into tidal and lowland swamps based on their hydrological regime. The regulations also explain the definitions of the two types of swamps, tidal swamps located on the beach, near the beach, river mouths, or near river mouths that are inundated and affected by sea tides. Meanwhile, lebak swamps are located far from the coast and are inundated by river overflows periodically and continuously (Aisyah et al., 2019). Based on Scott's criteria (1989), the type of swamp in Indonesian consists of mangroves (3,267 x 103 ha), peat swamps (16,618 x 103 ha), freshwater swamps (5,166 x 103 ha), seasonal freshwater swamps (19 x 103 ha), seasonal peat swamps (355 x 103 ha), whose total swap area in Indonesia is 25,425,200 ha.

Moreover, the lakes and rivers, reservoirs, and dams are also part of inland waters. The construction of reservoirs and dams in Indonesia aims to ensure the availability of irrigation water and energy sources, which will then develop into flood controllers, natural water sources, tourism, and fisheries. The purpose and utilization as stated in the Government Regulation of the Indonesian Republic No. 37 of 2010 concerning Dams, and its derivative regulations, namely Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing number 6 of 2020 concerning Amendments to Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing No. 27/PRT/M/2015 concerning Dams. The need for reservoirs and dams in Indonesia continues to increase over time. Based on data from 1995 (Kasiro et al., 1995; PUPR, 2016), the number of large reservoirs and dams in Indonesia reached 82 dams. The number of dams registered at the Ministry of public work and housing (PUPR's) Dam Center is 209, 178 of which are owned by public work (PU). This number then increased through development planning by 65 in the 2014-2019 period throughout Indonesia (PUPR, 2017).