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CHAPTER III. Assessment of EAFM Indicators in the Fish

In evaluating EAFM indicators in the Fish Resources domain, primary data obtained through direct field observations and secondary data from available references can be used. Data collection techniques for each indicator are described as follows.

Data/information on trend indicators for fishing production can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct observation data to the field related to fishing efforts, including data on fish catches per unit of fishing gear per unit of time;
  • Capture fisheries statistical data from the OPD in charge of fishing;

  • Research results or monitoring data from related work units/stakeholders; and/or

  • Results of interviews with senior fishermen who have routinely caught fish in the last 5-10 years

The steps for assigning a criterion value to the fishing production trend indicator are as follows:

  1. Analysis of trends/patterns of fish catching production obtained from capture fisheries statistical data from the OPD in charge of fisheries, results of research or monitoring from related work units/stakeholders, or results of interviews with senior fishermen who have routinely caught fish in the last 5-10 years; and

  2. Give the criterion value (nk) indicator fishing production trends with the following value criteria:

  • nk = 1 if the catch trend is decreasing >25%;

  • nk = 2 if the trend of catches decreases by 25%;

  • nk = 3 if the catch trend is stable or increasing.

Some of the stakeholders who can be used as respondents in assessing indicators of fishing production trends include:

  1. Work unit in the field of capture fisheries

  2. Academics/researchers from institutions of higher education/other research institutions

  3. Fisheries instructor

  4. Fisherman

  5. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

b. Change in Size of Fish Caught

Data/information on indicators of changes in the size of fish caught can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct field observation data on the length of fish caught by fishermen, with a representative number of samples so that the average size of the fish length is obtained (in cm);

  • Research data, particularly related to LFA (length frequency analysis) of dominant fish from related work units/stakeholders; and/or

  • The interviews result with other fishermen/respondents who are experienced in capture fisheries

Notes:

The Comparison between maximum length (Lmax) and length at first maturity (Lm) is against reliable research results and literature (www.fishbase.org). The dominant species have a total volume of more than 50% of the catch (Source: Technical Instructions for Assessment of Fisheries Management Indicators in Inland Waters with an Ecosystem Approach).

The steps for assigning a criterion value to an indicator of changes in the size of fish caught are:

  1. Analyze data on patterns of changes in fish size that can be obtained through direct measurements in the field of the length of fish caught by fishermen, with a representative number of samples, and the results of research related explicitly to LFA (length frequency analysis) on the dominant fish. Data can be obtained from work units/related stakeholders or interviews with fishermen/other respondents who are experienced in fisheries catching; And

  2. Give the criterion value (nk) on the change indicator of caught fish size, with the following value criteria:

  • nk = 1, that is, the average size of the fish caught decreases

  • nk = 2, that is, the average size of fish caught is relatively constant

  • nk = 3, that is, the average size of the fish caught increases

Several stakeholders who can be used as respondents in assessing indicators of changes in the size of fish caught include:

  1. Work unit in the field of fisheries

  2. Academics/researchers from institutions. higher education/other research institutions

  3. Fisheries instructor

  4. Fisherman

  5. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

c. proportion of fry/brood fish caught not for cultivation

Data/information on indicators of the proportion of fry/brood fish caught not for cultivation can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct observation data to the field on the number of fry/brood caught by fishermen, which measurements can strengthen the long and tight catches of fish;

  • Data from research results, especially related to catch composition from related work units/stakeholders; and/or

  • Results of interviews with other fishermen/respondents who are experienced in capture fisheries

The steps for assigning a criterion value to the indicator for the proportion of fry/brood fish caught not for cultivation are:

  1. Calculate the proportion of catch composition related to Lm (first size of gonadal maturity) and internal utilization of aquaculture for certain species, if any.

  2. Give the criterion value (nk) the indicator of the proportion of fry/brood fish caught not for cultivation, with the following value criteria:

  • nk 1 = that is if the proportion of fry/brood fish caught is >20% of the total catch

  • nk 2 = proportion of fry/brood fish caught <20% of the total catch

  • nk 3 = no fry/brood fish caught/very few

Stakeholders of the indicators the proportion of fry/brood fish caught not for cultivation, namely:

  1. Work unit in the field of fisheries

  2. Academics/researchers from institutions. higher education/other research institutions

  3. Fisheries instructor

  4. Fisherman

  5. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

d. Catch composition

Data/information on catch composition indicators can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct observation data to the field related to the catch of fishermen so that the average composition of the results of fishing is obtained;

  • Research results or monitoring data from related work units/stakeholders; and/or

  • Results of interviews with other fishermen/respondents who have experience in capture fisheries for the last 5-10 years

The steps for assigning a criterion value to the catch composition indicator are:

  1. Calculate the proportions of the composition of the catch. Information regarding the types of fish caught, including the herbivore/carnivore/omnivore group, can be seen on the website/site www.fishbase.org

  2. Give the criterion value (nk) indicator catch composition with the following value criteria:

  • nk=1, when the composition of the catch is incomplete, there are no more, or it is very rare to catch native species of fish which become the top predators;

  • nk = 2, if the composition of the catch is quite complete, the original species of fish that are predators are still caught but in decreased numbers and/or smaller sizes;

  • nk 3, if the composition complete species, high diversity, original species of fish that become predators are still caught in approximately the same number and/or size as conditions 5-10 years ago.

Some of the stakeholders who can be used as respondents in assessing catch composition indicators include:

  1. Work unit in the field of fisheries

  2. Academics/researchers from institutions. higher education/other research institutions

  3. Fisheries instructor

  4. Fisherman

  5. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

e. Existence of Introduced and Invasive Species

Data/information Indicators of the presence of introduced and invasive species can be obtained through:

  • Direct field observation data related to fishermen's catches, with a representative number of respondents and fishing gear. So the number/percentage and foreign/invasive fish caught calculated from the total fish catch in one fishing unit can be ascertained;

  • Research results or monitoring data from related work units/stakeholders; and/or

  • Results of interviews with other fishermen/respondents with experience in capture fisheries for the last 5-10 years.

The steps for giving criterion values ​​to indicators of the existence of introduction and invasive species, namely:

  1. Identify the presence of introduced fish and or invasive fish. List of invasive fish species according to KP Ministerial Decree No.19 of 2020, attached;

  2. Give the criterion value (nk) indicator Presence of introduced and invasive species with the following criteria:

  • nk = 1, i.e., if there is an introduced species and it becomes an invasive species

  • nk = 2, i.e., if there is an introduced species but not/has not become an invasive species

  • nk = 3, i.e., if there are no introduced species

Several stakeholders who can be used as respondents in assessing indicators of the presence of introduced and invasive species include:

  1. Work unit in the field of fisheries

  2. Academics/researchers from institutions of higher education/other research institutions

  3. Fisheries instructor

  4. Fisherman

  5. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

EAFM analysis is a multi-attribute approach to symptoms or performance indications of aquatic ecosystem conditions. The assessment of EAFM indicators is a multi-criteria analysis system that culminates in assessing a composite index to determine the status of fisheries management using the Flag Modeling technique (Adrianto et al., 2005). Data analysis is needed to find out the relationship between the current management performance status based on data for each indicator in the Fish Resources domain and recommendations for fisheries management actions that will be developed.

Currently, there are tools available that can be used to analyze the condition of EAFM in general and the condition of each EAFM domain, especially the Fish Resources domain, using the EAFM indicator assessment matrix.

In detail, the method for calculating the composite value of the indicators and domains of Fish Resources is described as follows:

The formula used to calculate the composite indicator value (CI) of fishing production trends is:

CI5.1=br5.1nr5.1nk5.1

Description:

CI5.1 = Composite fishing production trend indicator

Br5.1 = the value of the weight of the fishing production trend indicator

Nr5.1 = ranking value of fishing production trend indicator

Nk5.1 = criterion value for fishing production trend indicator

From 5 (five) indicators in the Fish Resources domain, the ranking value of the trend indicator for fishing production is 3. Thus the weight for the trend indicator for fishing production is 20. It shows that the trend indicator for fishing production has quite a large influence on the fish resources domain. Meanwhile, the formula used to calculate the weight value (br) of fishing production trends is:

br5.1=(100 / (nr5.1+nr5.2+nr5.3+nr5.4+nr5.5)) x  nr5.1



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