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CHAPTER III. EAFM Indicator Scoring Technique

     In assessing EAFM indicators in the Governance domain, primary data obtained through direct field observations and secondary data from available references can be used. Interviews were conducted after determining the selected respondents from the sampling results. It was carried out by face-to-face debriefing utilizing a guide or questionnaire to obtain information according to the purpose of this study. The characteristics of direct interviews are as follows.

  1. The interviewer and respondent do not know each other;

  2. The interviewer asked, then the respondent answered;

  3. The interviewer is neutral, does not direct the respondent; and

  4. The questions asked to follow the guideline of the questionnaire.

     The sampling was carried out using the stratified random sampling method, in which the interview respondents were determined in stages. This sampling technique pays attention to each population element from each group that does not overlap (homogeneous elements) and must have the same opportunity. Strata sampling can use administrative limits, experience levels, and fishermen's productivity. The allocation of the number of samples from each level is sought using the principle of proportional allocation.

The data collection techniques for each indicator are described as follows:

a. The Compliance Indicator with the Principles of Sustainable Fisheries

Data/information on indicators of compliance with the principles of sustainable fisheries can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct observation of fishing communities to identify the level of violations in fisheries management practices in an inland water ecosystem;

  • Report on the results of monitoring/supervision of capture fisheries from the related work unit;

  • Reports on the research results /study from related research institutions, Higher Education institutions, or academics; and/or

  • The results of interviews with other competent respondents.

The steps for giving criterion values to indicators of compliance with the principles of sustainable fisheries are:

  1. Collecting data/information on all fisheries management rules in an inland waters ecosystem, both formal and informal regulations or based on local wisdom;

  2. Identification of types and number of violations against fisheries management rules in an inland waters ecosystem in the last 5 (five) years; and

  3. Rate the criterion (nk) indicator of compliance with the principles of sustainable fisheries with the following scoring criteria:

  • nk = 1, if there are a violation > 5 times

  • nk = 2, if there is a violation of 1-5 times

  • nk = 3, if there has never been a violation

Some of the stakeholders who can be used as respondents in evaluating indicators of compliance with the principles of sustainable fisheries include:

  1. Staff in the Regional Work Unit in the province/regency/city, which handles governmental sub-affairs in the field of capture fisheries;

  2. Staff in the related work unit;

  3. Academics/researchers from higher education institutions/other research institutions;

  4. Public figure;

  5. fishery extension; And

  6. Fisherman.

Data on indicators of the completeness of legal rules can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct observation to the relevant work unit office to identify regulations that exist or are being made; and/or

  • The results of interviews with other respondents were competent.

The steps for assigning a criterion value to the indicator of the completeness of the rule of law method are:

  1. Collecting data on all regulations that exist or are being made;

  2. Identification of completeness or scope of regulation in managing sustainable fisheries management; and

  3. Give the criterion value (nk) the indicator of the completeness of the rule of law according to the identification results, with the following value criteria:

  • nk = 1, if there is no regulation yet

  • nk = 2, if regulations are available but have not completely regulated sustainable fisheries management

  • nk = 3, if there is a comprehensive regulation that can regulate sustainable fisheries management

Several stakeholders who can be used as respondents in assessing indicators of the completeness of the rule of law include:

  1. Staff in the Regional Work Unit in the province/regency/city, which handles governmental sub-affairs in the field of capture fisheries;

  2. Staff in the related work unit;

  3. Public figure;

  4. Fishery extension; and

  5. Fisherman.

Local wisdom indicator data can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct observation of fishing communities to identify local wisdom;

  • Report on the results of monitoring/supervision of capture fisheries from the related work unit;

  • Reports on the results of research/study from related research institutions, Higher Education institutions, or academics; and/or

  • Results of interviews with other competent respondents

The steps for giving a criterion value to the local wisdom indicator are:

  1. Collecting data on all local wisdom in an inland waters ecosystem;

  2. Identification of local wisdom that can guarantee the sustainability of SDI and its environment; and

  3. Give the value of the criteria (nk) for indicators of local wisdom according to the identification results with the following value criteria:

  • nk = 1, if there is no local wisdom

  • nk = 2, if there is local wisdom, but it is not fully capable of guaranteeing the preservation of natural resources and the environment

  • nk = 3 if there is local wisdom and is fully capable of guaranteeing the preservation of human resources and the environment

Some of the stakeholders who can be used as respondents in evaluating indicators of local wisdom include:

  1. Staff in the Regional Work Unit in the province/regency/city, which handles governmental sub-affairs in the field of capture fisheries;

  2. Staff in the related work unit;

  3. Public figure;

  4. Fishery extension; and

  5. Fisherman.

Decision-making mechanism indicator data can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct observation of fishing communities to identify decision-making mechanisms for the utilization of SDI in an area ecosystem inland waters;

  • Reports on the results of research/study from related research institutions,  Higher Education institutions, or academics; and/or

  • Results of interviews with other competent respondents.

The steps for assigning a criterion value to the decision-making mechanism indicator are:

  1. Collecting the number of fishing community members in an inland waters ecosystem;

  2. Identification of decision-making mechanisms used by a fishing community in an inland waters ecosystem in solving problems or making joint decisions; And

  3. Give the criterion value (nk) of the decision-making mechanism indicator according to the identification results in number 2, with the following value criteria:

  • nk = 1 if there is no local wisdom

  • nk = 2 if there is local wisdom, but it is not fully capable

  • nk = 3 if there is local wisdom and is fully capable of guaranteeing the preservation of human resources and the environment

Some of the stakeholders who can be used as respondents in assessing indicators of permitted fishing gear include:

  1. Academics/researchers from higher education institutions/other research institutions;

  2. Public figure;

  3. fishery extension; And

  4. Fisherman.

Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policy indicator data can be obtained through the following:

  • Direct observation of local stakeholders and/or fishing ground centers to identify the existence of an ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policy;

  • Reports on the results of research/study from related research institutions, Higher Education institutions, or academics; and/or

  • Results of interviews with other competent respondents.

The steps for assigning a criterion score to indicators of ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policy are:

  1. Collecting data on all existing ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policies to manage an ecosystem and/or fish species in inland waters;

  2. Identification of the realization of the action plan carried out by relevant stakeholders to measure the level of implementation and ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policy;

  3. Give the criterion value (nk) of the ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policy indicator according to the identification results in number 2, with the following value criteria:

  • nk = 1, if there is no ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policy

  • nk = 2, if there is an ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policy, but it is not optimal

  • nk = 3, if there is an ecosystem-based Fisheries Management Policy and it is optimal

How many stakeholders can be used as respondents in assessing indicators of permissible fishing gear. It includes:

  1. Staff in the Regional Work Unit in the province/regency/city, which handles governmental sub-affairs in the field of capture fisheries;

  2. Staff in the related work unit;

  3. Public figure;

  4. Fishery extension; and

  5. Fisherman.

3.2 Analysis Techniques

     EAFM analysis is a multi-attribute approach to symptoms or performance indications of aquatic ecosystem conditions. Substantially, the assessment of EAFM indicators is a multi-criteria analysis system that ends in assessing a composite index to determine the status of fisheries management using the Flag Modeling technique (Adrianto, Matsuda, and Sakuma, 2005). Data analysis is needed to find out the relationship between the current management performance status based on the data of each indicator in the Governance domain with recommendations for fisheries management actions that will be developed.

     Currently, there are tools available that can be used to analyze the condition of EAFM in general and the conditions of each EAFM domain, especially the Governance domain. It includes using the EAFM indicator assessment matrix (as attached). In detail, the method for calculating the composite score on the indicators and governance domains is described as follows:

The formula used to calculate the composite indicator value (CI) of compliance with the principles of sustainable fisheries is:

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The formula used to calculate the composite indicator value (CI) of the completeness of the rule:

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The formula used to calculate the composite indicator (CI) value of local wisdom is:

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The formula used to calculate the composite indicator value (CI) of the decision- making mechanism is:

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The formula used to calculate the composite indicator value (CI) of an ecosystem- based Fisheries Management Policy is:

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Meanwhile, the ranking value (nr) of indicators in the Governance domain has been agreed upon for each WPPNRI-PD, namely

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The Domain Composite Value (CD) for the Governance domain can be calculated by adding up all the CI values obtained according to the following formula:

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      The CD6 value obtained is used to analyze the flag status condition of the Governance domain within the framework of implementing fisheries management with an ecosystem approach or the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management

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In concluding the status flags of EAFM in an inland water fisheries management unit, it is agreed upon a domain ranking weight (brd) to measure the interaction or influence of each domain, namely:

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    The flag criteria for the status of fisheries management conditions in an inland aquatic ecosystem are grouped into 3 (three) categories, namely:

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In short, the assessment of EAFM indicators for case studies in WPPNRI-PD 435 used in the process of input and analysis of Governance Domain data can be illustrated as follows:

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Notes:

     2 (two) factors determine its value to evaluate each indicator in each domain, namely weight and score. The weight is from a set of indicators in the same domain, ordered by level of importance from high to low, with a total of 100% (maximum 1). The score uses a Likert scale of 1 to 3, namely 1 = low, 2 = moderate, 3 = high.

Based on the calculation above, it is known that the CD value for the governance domain is 393.3. It means that the Governance Domain status flag is red or in poor condition. It shows that the conditions of the local Governance domain lead to the 
principles of sustainable fisheries. So it is necessary to establish a strategic plan to improve or enhance the existing domain conditions and indicators.

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